SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7182 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    86856, 85583, 82561, 90268, 90264, 90266, 
    90273, 91311, 91313, 91315, 90267, 
    90274, 85649, 85650, 85651, 91312, 
    91314, 91316, 90263, 90270, 90269, 
    90275, 90265, 93356, 93357, 93358, 
    94117, 94958, 95683, 95702, 95703, 
    96841, 96918, 96919, 96998, 98482, 
    98538, 98539, 98540, 98541, 98542, 
    98543, 98544, 98545, 98546, 98547, 
    98548, 98549, 98758, 100971, 100972, 
    100973, 100974, 100975, 100976, 100977, 
    100978, 100982, 100983, 100984, 100988, 
    101102, 101103, 101104, 101628, 101629, 
    101630, 101631, 101632, 101633, 101678, 
    101679, 101680, 101681, 101740, 101741, 
    101742, 101743, 101854, 101855, 101856, 
    101857, 101858, 101859, 101860, 101861, 
    101862, 101863, 101864, 101865, 101866, 
    101867, 101868, 101869, 101870, 101871
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00277

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "163.80"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 288,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 288,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "29.17",
              "eval_cost": "28.80",
              "prefix_cost": "57.97",
              "data_read_per_join": "4K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (86856,85583,82561,90268,90264,90266,90273,91311,91313,91315,90267,90274,85649,85650,85651,91312,91314,91316,90263,90270,90269,90275,90265,93356,93357,93358,94117,94958,95683,95702,95703,96841,96918,96919,96998,98482,98538,98539,98540,98541,98542,98543,98544,98545,98546,98547,98548,98549,98758,100971,100972,100973,100974,100975,100976,100977,100978,100982,100983,100984,100988,101102,101103,101104,101628,101629,101630,101631,101632,101633,101678,101679,101680,101681,101740,101741,101742,101743,101854,101855,101856,101857,101858,101859,101860,101861,101862,101863,101864,101865,101866,101867,101868,101869,101870,101871))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 14,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "72.00",
              "eval_cost": "1.44",
              "prefix_cost": "158.77",
              "data_read_per_join": "37K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 14,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "3.60",
              "eval_cost": "1.44",
              "prefix_cost": "163.81",
              "data_read_per_join": "230"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}