SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7149 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    82556, 85583, 89595, 89596, 89597, 82336, 
    91936, 91970, 91973, 91985, 91986, 
    91987, 91988, 91989, 91990, 91991, 
    91969, 91971, 91972, 91974, 91975, 
    86810, 82557, 84045, 82369, 82375, 
    82357, 89590, 89589, 86806, 82560, 
    82565, 82569, 82573, 82562, 82566, 
    82570, 91968, 84289, 82555, 82553, 
    82391, 82554, 82559, 82552, 82564, 
    82568, 82572
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.01321

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "89.39"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 99,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 99,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "10.20",
              "eval_cost": "9.90",
              "prefix_cost": "20.10",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (82556,85583,89595,89596,89597,82336,91936,91970,91973,91985,91986,91987,91988,91989,91990,91991,91969,91971,91972,91974,91975,86810,82557,84045,82369,82375,82357,89590,89589,86806,82560,82565,82569,82573,82562,82566,82570,91968,84289,82555,82553,82391,82554,82559,82552,82564,82568,82572))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 99,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "24.75",
              "eval_cost": "9.90",
              "prefix_cost": "54.75",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 4,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "24.75",
              "eval_cost": "0.50",
              "prefix_cost": "89.40",
              "data_read_per_join": "12K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids position
82336 7301,7151M
82357 7149,7152M,7148 0
82369 7161M,7303
82375 7151M,7301
82391 7148,7152M,7149 0
82552 7303,7161M
82553 7303,7161M
82554 7303,7161M
82555 7161M,7303
82556 7161M,7303
82557 7303,7161M
82559 7303,7161M
82560 7161M,7303
82562 7161M,7303
82564 7303,7161M
82565 7161M,7303
82566 7161M,7303
82568 7303,7161M
82569 7161M,7303
82570 7161M,7303
82572 7303,7161M
82573 7303,7161M
84045 7162M
84289 7152M,7148,7149 0
85583 7149M,7300,7182 0
86806 7301,7151M
86810 7301,7151M
89589 7151M,7301
89590 7151M,7301
89595 7301,7151M
89596 7301,7151M
89597 7151M,7301
91936 7151M,7301
91968 7303,7161M
91969 7303,7161M
91970 7303,7161M
91971 7303,7161M
91972 7303,7161M
91973 7303,7161M
91974 7303,7161M
91975 7303,7161M
91985 7303,7161M
91986 7303,7161M
91987 7303,7161M
91988 7303,7161M
91989 7161M,7303
91990 7161M,7303
91991 7161M,7303