SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7336 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    96676, 96680, 96681, 96682, 96683, 96686, 
    96687, 96688, 96689, 96690, 96691, 
    96692, 96698, 96699, 96700, 96701, 
    96702, 96703, 96704, 96705, 97874, 
    97883, 97884, 97885
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00118

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "57.88"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 64,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 64,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "6.68",
              "eval_cost": "6.40",
              "prefix_cost": "13.08",
              "data_read_per_join": "1024"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (96676,96680,96681,96682,96683,96686,96687,96688,96689,96690,96691,96692,96698,96699,96700,96701,96702,96703,96704,96705,97874,97883,97884,97885))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 64,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "16.00",
              "eval_cost": "6.40",
              "prefix_cost": "35.48",
              "data_read_per_join": "1024"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 3,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "16.00",
              "eval_cost": "0.32",
              "prefix_cost": "57.88",
              "data_read_per_join": "8K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids position
96676 7313,7338,7219M
96680 7313,7338,7219M
96681 7313,7338,7219M
96682 7313,7338,7219M
96683 7313,7338,7219M
96686 7313,7338,7219M
96687 7313,7338,7219M
96688 7313,7338,7219M
96689 7313,7338,7219M
96690 7313,7338,7219M
96691 7313,7338,7219M
96692 7313,7338,7219M
96698 7339,7329M
96699 7339,7329M
96700 7339,7329M
96701 7339,7329M
96702 7339,7329M
96703 7339,7329M
96704 7339,7329M
96705 7339,7329M
97874 7313,7338,7219M
97883 7313,7338,7219M
97884 7313,7338,7219M
97885 7313,7338,7219M