SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7165 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    93992, 93993, 93994, 93995, 93996, 93997, 
    93998, 93999, 94000, 94001, 94002, 
    94003, 94004, 94005, 94006, 94007, 
    94008, 94009, 94010, 94011, 94012, 
    94013, 94014, 94015
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00051

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "21.87"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 24,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 24,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "2.67",
              "eval_cost": "2.40",
              "prefix_cost": "5.07",
              "data_read_per_join": "384"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (93992,93993,93994,93995,93996,93997,93998,93999,94000,94001,94002,94003,94004,94005,94006,94007,94008,94009,94010,94011,94012,94013,94014,94015))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 24,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "6.00",
              "eval_cost": "2.40",
              "prefix_cost": "13.47",
              "data_read_per_join": "384"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 1,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "6.00",
              "eval_cost": "0.12",
              "prefix_cost": "21.87",
              "data_read_per_join": "3K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids position
93992 7168M
93993 7168M
93994 7168M
93995 7168M
93996 7168M
93997 7168M
93998 7168M
93999 7168M
94000 7168M
94001 7168M
94002 7168M
94003 7168M
94004 7168M
94005 7168M
94006 7168M
94007 7168M
94008 7168M
94009 7168M
94010 7168M
94011 7168M
94012 7173M
94013 7168M
94014 7168M
94015 7168M