SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7165 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    100966, 100967, 100968, 100969, 100970, 
    100971, 100972, 100973, 100974, 100975, 
    100976, 100977, 100978, 100979, 100980, 
    100981, 100982, 100983, 100984, 100985, 
    100986, 100987, 100988, 100989, 100990, 
    100991, 100992, 100993, 100994, 100995
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00488

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "65.08"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 72,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 72,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "7.49",
              "eval_cost": "7.20",
              "prefix_cost": "14.69",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (100966,100967,100968,100969,100970,100971,100972,100973,100974,100975,100976,100977,100978,100979,100980,100981,100982,100983,100984,100985,100986,100987,100988,100989,100990,100991,100992,100993,100994,100995))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 72,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "18.00",
              "eval_cost": "7.20",
              "prefix_cost": "39.89",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 3,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "18.00",
              "eval_cost": "0.36",
              "prefix_cost": "65.09",
              "data_read_per_join": "9K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids position
100966 7319,7193M
100967 7319,7193M
100968 7319,7193M
100969 7193M,7319
100970 7193M,7319
100971 7283,7167M,7183
100972 7167M,7283,7183
100973 7283,7167M,7183
100974 7183,7283,7167M
100975 7183,7283,7167M
100976 7183,7283,7167M
100977 7283,7183,7167M
100978 7183,7283,7167M
100979 7225M,7226
100980 7225M,7226
100981 7226,7225M
100982 7167M,7283,7183
100983 7167M,7183,7283
100984 7167M,7283,7183
100985 7319,7193M
100986 7319,7193M
100987 7319,7193M
100988 7283,7183,7167M
100989 7319,7193M
100990 7319,7193M
100991 7319,7193M
100992 7319,7193M
100993 7319,7193M
100994 7193M,7319
100995 7193M,7319