SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7148 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    82356, 82392, 86900, 91311, 91313, 91315, 
    82389, 85543, 85592, 88907, 88908, 
    89163, 89164, 88905, 88906, 92239, 
    85546, 85571, 85573, 85574, 87758, 
    90267, 90274, 92408, 91877, 91878, 
    91879, 91880, 91881, 91882, 91883, 
    85555, 85594, 86362, 86363, 87993, 
    88931, 91427, 91429, 91984, 85564, 
    85649, 85650, 85651, 86809, 90025, 
    82382, 82383, 82430, 82431, 82433, 
    82558, 87387, 87389, 85575, 85579, 
    82372, 86889, 86895, 82359, 87383, 
    87384, 87385, 89612, 89613, 91896, 
    87888, 91844, 88932, 92185, 92382, 
    85561, 88393, 91856, 82407, 82427, 
    87386, 82429, 85591, 85597, 85600, 
    88910, 90755, 82350, 86343, 88909, 
    82368, 82370, 82376, 86893, 85553, 
    85556, 85557, 85559, 85589, 85593
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00568

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "136.29"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_temporary_table": true,
      "using_filesort": true,
      "cost_info": {
        "sort_cost": "10.77"
      },
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "ALL",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 208,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 8,
            "filtered": "4.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "20.72",
              "eval_cost": "0.83",
              "prefix_cost": "21.55",
              "data_read_per_join": "21K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 117,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 10,
            "filtered": "1.10",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "2.33",
              "eval_cost": "1.08",
              "prefix_cost": "121.75",
              "data_read_per_join": "172"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (82356,82392,86900,91311,91313,91315,82389,85543,85592,88907,88908,89163,89164,88905,88906,92239,85546,85571,85573,85574,87758,90267,90274,92408,91877,91878,91879,91880,91881,91882,91883,85555,85594,86362,86363,87993,88931,91427,91429,91984,85564,85649,85650,85651,86809,90025,82382,82383,82430,82431,82433,82558,87387,87389,85575,85579,82372,86889,86895,82359,87383,87384,87385,89612,89613,91896,87888,91844,88932,92185,92382,85561,88393,91856,82407,82427,87386,82429,85591,85597,85600,88910,90755,82350,86343,88909,82368,82370,82376,86893,85553,85556,85557,85559,85589,85593))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 10,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "2.69",
              "eval_cost": "1.08",
              "prefix_cost": "125.52",
              "data_read_per_join": "172"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}