SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7336 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    91342, 91348, 91335, 91340, 91332, 91361, 
    91363, 91391, 91393, 91362, 91364, 
    92240, 92245, 92247, 92248, 92249, 
    92250, 92252, 92253, 92485, 92486, 
    92487, 91392, 91394, 91359, 91389, 
    92508, 86828, 91331, 91360, 91357, 
    91387, 92241, 92242, 92243, 92244, 
    92246, 92251, 92483, 92484, 91358, 
    91390, 92488, 91388, 92476, 92477, 
    92478, 92479
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00504

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "108.30"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 120,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 120,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "12.30",
              "eval_cost": "12.00",
              "prefix_cost": "24.30",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (91342,91348,91335,91340,91332,91361,91363,91391,91393,91362,91364,92240,92245,92247,92248,92249,92250,92252,92253,92485,92486,92487,91392,91394,91359,91389,92508,86828,91331,91360,91357,91387,92241,92242,92243,92244,92246,92251,92483,92484,91358,91390,92488,91388,92476,92477,92478,92479))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 120,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "30.00",
              "eval_cost": "12.00",
              "prefix_cost": "66.30",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 6,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "30.00",
              "eval_cost": "0.60",
              "prefix_cost": "108.30",
              "data_read_per_join": "15K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids position
86828 7336M,7337 0
91331 7336M,7337 0
91332 7336M,7337 0
91335 7336M,7337 0
91340 7336M,7337 0
91342 7336M,7337 0
91348 7217M,7337
91357 7217M,7337
91358 7217M,7337
91359 7217M,7337
91360 7217M,7337
91361 7217M,7337
91362 7217M,7337
91363 7217M,7337
91364 7217M,7337
91387 7217M,7337
91388 7217M,7337
91389 7217M,7337
91390 7217M,7337
91391 7217M,7337
91392 7217M,7337
91393 7217M,7337
91394 7217M,7337
92240 7219M,7313,7338
92241 7219M,7313,7338
92242 7219M,7313,7338
92243 7219M,7313,7338
92244 7219M,7313,7338
92245 7219M,7313,7338
92246 7219M,7313,7338
92247 7219M,7313,7338
92248 7219M,7313,7338
92249 7219M,7313,7338
92250 7219M,7313,7338
92251 7219M,7313,7338
92252 7219M,7313,7338
92253 7219M,7313,7338
92476 7219M,7313,7338
92477 7219M,7313,7338
92478 7219M,7313,7338
92479 7219M,7313,7338
92483 7219M,7313,7338
92484 7219M,7313,7338
92485 7219M,7313,7338
92486 7219M,7313,7338
92487 7219M,7313,7338
92488 7219M,7313,7338
92508 7336M,7339 0