SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7187 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    91298, 83106, 91305, 84112, 89488, 91306, 
    91301, 83112, 83122, 83132, 89624, 
    90066, 86384, 89618, 89631, 89625, 
    89638, 89634, 89726, 90091, 90101, 
    90078, 85533, 89015, 90072, 84108, 
    89621, 83102, 89622, 89635, 90086, 
    90088, 90098, 83129, 90085, 92018, 
    92106, 89012, 91302, 86382, 89192, 
    92003, 92004, 92005, 92006, 92007, 
    92008, 92009, 92091, 92092, 92093, 
    92094, 92095, 92096, 92097, 83113, 
    83123, 83990, 83991, 83992, 83993, 
    89614, 89627, 83100, 85532, 91294, 
    84106, 89615, 89628, 90071, 84114, 
    89007, 89009, 83094, 83107, 83108, 
    84113, 91295, 83110, 83120, 89008, 
    90063, 90065, 90076, 89739, 89725, 
    83946, 83947, 83948, 83949, 85657, 
    86388, 84100, 83093, 86221, 89727
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00115

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "109.29"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 192,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 192,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "19.53",
              "eval_cost": "19.20",
              "prefix_cost": "38.73",
              "data_read_per_join": "3K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (91298,83106,91305,84112,89488,91306,91301,83112,83122,83132,89624,90066,86384,89618,89631,89625,89638,89634,89726,90091,90101,90078,85533,89015,90072,84108,89621,83102,89622,89635,90086,90088,90098,83129,90085,92018,92106,89012,91302,86382,89192,92003,92004,92005,92006,92007,92008,92009,92091,92092,92093,92094,92095,92096,92097,83113,83123,83990,83991,83992,83993,89614,89627,83100,85532,91294,84106,89615,89628,90071,84114,89007,89009,83094,83107,83108,84113,91295,83110,83120,89008,90063,90065,90076,89739,89725,83946,83947,83948,83949,85657,86388,84100,83093,86221,89727))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 9,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "48.00",
              "eval_cost": "0.96",
              "prefix_cost": "105.93",
              "data_read_per_join": "25K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 9,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "2.40",
              "eval_cost": "0.96",
              "prefix_cost": "109.29",
              "data_read_per_join": "153"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}