SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7324 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    89323, 89322, 89325, 86816, 89306, 89324, 
    89366, 89305, 89317, 89307, 89319, 
    89326, 89312, 89345, 89318, 89347, 
    89346, 89255, 89348, 89261, 89314, 
    89320, 89260, 89315, 89256, 89313, 
    89316, 89310, 89311, 89304, 89303, 
    89259, 89258, 93071, 93072, 93073, 
    93074, 93075, 93076, 93077, 93515, 
    93516, 93517, 93518, 93519, 93520, 
    93521, 93522, 93894, 93895, 94067, 
    94068, 94069, 94070, 94071, 94072, 
    94703, 94704, 96296, 96297, 96732, 
    96733, 96744, 96745, 96773, 96774, 
    97827, 97828, 98138, 98139, 98140, 
    98141, 98142, 98143, 98144, 98695, 
    98696, 98702, 98703, 98704, 98705, 
    98706, 98707, 98708, 98709, 98710, 
    98711, 98712, 98713, 98714, 98715, 
    100599, 100600, 100659, 100660, 100661
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.02277

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "128.89"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_temporary_table": true,
      "using_filesort": true,
      "cost_info": {
        "sort_cost": "5.29"
      },
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "ALL",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 208,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 8,
            "filtered": "4.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "20.72",
              "eval_cost": "0.83",
              "prefix_cost": "21.55",
              "data_read_per_join": "21K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 117,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 5,
            "filtered": "0.54",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "2.33",
              "eval_cost": "0.53",
              "prefix_cost": "121.75",
              "data_read_per_join": "84"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (89323,89322,89325,86816,89306,89324,89366,89305,89317,89307,89319,89326,89312,89345,89318,89347,89346,89255,89348,89261,89314,89320,89260,89315,89256,89313,89316,89310,89311,89304,89303,89259,89258,93071,93072,93073,93074,93075,93076,93077,93515,93516,93517,93518,93519,93520,93521,93522,93894,93895,94067,94068,94069,94070,94071,94072,94703,94704,96296,96297,96732,96733,96744,96745,96773,96774,97827,97828,98138,98139,98140,98141,98142,98143,98144,98695,98696,98702,98703,98704,98705,98706,98707,98708,98709,98710,98711,98712,98713,98714,98715,100599,100600,100659,100660,100661))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 5,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "1.32",
              "eval_cost": "0.53",
              "prefix_cost": "123.60",
              "data_read_per_join": "84"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}