SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7240 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    98074, 98075, 98076, 98077, 98078, 98079, 
    98080, 98081, 98082, 98083, 98523, 
    98524, 98525, 98526, 98527, 98528, 
    98529, 98530, 98531, 98532, 98533, 
    98534, 98535, 98536
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.01501

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "86.69"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 96,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 96,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "9.89",
              "eval_cost": "9.60",
              "prefix_cost": "19.49",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (98074,98075,98076,98077,98078,98079,98080,98081,98082,98083,98523,98524,98525,98526,98527,98528,98529,98530,98531,98532,98533,98534,98535,98536))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 96,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "24.00",
              "eval_cost": "9.60",
              "prefix_cost": "53.09",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 4,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "24.00",
              "eval_cost": "0.48",
              "prefix_cost": "86.69",
              "data_read_per_join": "12K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids position
98074 7208M,7346,7309,7241
98075 7208M,7346,7309,7241
98076 7346,7241,7208M,7309
98077 7309,7346,7208M,7241
98078 7309,7346,7208M,7241
98079 7346,7309,7241,7208M
98080 7309,7241,7208M,7346
98081 7208M,7309,7241,7346
98082 7309,7241,7346,7208M
98083 7208M,7309,7346,7241
98523 7309,7208M,7346,7241
98524 7309,7346,7241,7208M
98525 7309,7241,7208M,7346
98526 7241,7309,7346,7208M
98527 7208M,7309,7241,7346
98528 7346,7309,7208M,7241
98529 7346,7309,7208M,7241
98530 7346,7309,7208M,7241
98531 7346,7208M,7241,7309
98532 7346,7309,7208M,7241
98533 7309,7208M,7241,7346
98534 7309,7208M,7241,7346
98535 7309,7208M,7346,7241
98536 7241,7346,7208M,7309