SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7170 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    82836, 82907, 82909, 82980, 82982, 83394, 
    83396, 83404, 83406, 85053, 85127, 
    85139, 85185, 85231, 86149, 86172, 
    86186, 86209, 86510, 86665, 86734, 
    86786, 83056, 83605, 86514, 86515, 
    86790, 86791, 88581, 90892, 90971, 
    84327, 84328, 90002, 85106, 85107, 
    84628, 85059, 85145, 85191, 85237, 
    82801, 82831, 82874, 82904, 82947, 
    82977, 83391, 83401, 85051, 85137, 
    85183, 85229, 89802, 89854, 89926, 
    91078, 91079, 91492, 85016, 85022, 
    85028, 85034, 89808, 89810, 89860, 
    89862, 89932, 89934, 91498, 91500, 
    82584, 82585, 86129, 86130, 86152, 
    86153, 85099, 85296, 85298, 85393, 
    85395, 85444, 85446, 85495, 85497, 
    89805, 89857, 89929, 91495, 85047, 
    89824, 89876, 89948, 91514, 82832
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00297

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "103.61"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 182,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 182,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "18.53",
              "eval_cost": "18.20",
              "prefix_cost": "36.73",
              "data_read_per_join": "2K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (82836,82907,82909,82980,82982,83394,83396,83404,83406,85053,85127,85139,85185,85231,86149,86172,86186,86209,86510,86665,86734,86786,83056,83605,86514,86515,86790,86791,88581,90892,90971,84327,84328,90002,85106,85107,84628,85059,85145,85191,85237,82801,82831,82874,82904,82947,82977,83391,83401,85051,85137,85183,85229,89802,89854,89926,91078,91079,91492,85016,85022,85028,85034,89808,89810,89860,89862,89932,89934,91498,91500,82584,82585,86129,86130,86152,86153,85099,85296,85298,85393,85395,85444,85446,85495,85497,89805,89857,89929,91495,85047,89824,89876,89948,91514,82832))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 9,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "45.50",
              "eval_cost": "0.91",
              "prefix_cost": "100.43",
              "data_read_per_join": "23K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 9,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "2.28",
              "eval_cost": "0.91",
              "prefix_cost": "103.61",
              "data_read_per_join": "145"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}