SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7166 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    90266, 90273, 91311, 91313, 91315, 90267, 
    90274, 85649, 85650, 85651, 91312, 
    91314, 91316, 90263, 90270, 90269, 
    90275, 90265, 93356, 93357, 93358, 
    94081, 94082, 94085
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.01860

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "62.38"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 69,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 69,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "7.18",
              "eval_cost": "6.90",
              "prefix_cost": "14.08",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (90266,90273,91311,91313,91315,90267,90274,85649,85650,85651,91312,91314,91316,90263,90270,90269,90275,90265,93356,93357,93358,94081,94082,94085))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 69,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "17.25",
              "eval_cost": "6.90",
              "prefix_cost": "38.23",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 3,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "17.25",
              "eval_cost": "0.35",
              "prefix_cost": "62.38",
              "data_read_per_join": "9K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids position
85649 7283,7167M,7183
85650 7167M,7283,7183
85651 7167M,7283,7183
90263 7283,7167M,7183
90265 7167M,7283,7183
90266 7283,7167M,7183
90267 7167M,7283,7183
90269 7183,7167M,7283
90270 7283,7167M,7183
90273 7283,7167M,7183
90274 7283,7183,7167M
90275 7183,7167M,7283
91311 7167M,7183,7283
91312 7283,7183,7167M
91313 7167M,7283,7183
91314 7183,7167M,7283
91315 7183,7283,7167M
91316 7183,7167M,7283
93356 7183,7167M,7283
93357 7283,7167M,7183
93358 7167M,7283,7183
94081 7319,7193M
94082 7193M,7319
94085 7193M,7319