SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7158 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    94136, 94137, 94138, 94139, 94457, 94619, 
    94620, 94621, 94622, 94623, 94624, 
    94625, 94626, 94627, 94628, 94629, 
    94630, 94631, 94632, 94633, 94634, 
    94635, 94636, 94637
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00122

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "26.37"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 29,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 29,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "3.17",
              "eval_cost": "2.90",
              "prefix_cost": "6.07",
              "data_read_per_join": "464"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (94136,94137,94138,94139,94457,94619,94620,94621,94622,94623,94624,94625,94626,94627,94628,94629,94630,94631,94632,94633,94634,94635,94636,94637))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 29,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "7.25",
              "eval_cost": "2.90",
              "prefix_cost": "16.22",
              "data_read_per_join": "464"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 1,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "7.25",
              "eval_cost": "0.15",
              "prefix_cost": "26.37",
              "data_read_per_join": "3K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids position
94136 7265,7247M
94137 7265,7247M
94138 7265,7247M
94139 7265,7247M
94457 7265,7247M
94619 7263M
94620 7263M
94621 7263M
94622 7263M
94623 7263M
94624 7263M
94625 7263M
94626 7263M
94627 7263M
94628 7263M
94629 7263M
94630 7263M
94631 7263M
94632 7263M
94633 7263M
94634 7263M
94635 7263M
94636 7263M
94637 7263M