SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7340 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    94453, 94454, 94455, 94456, 94458, 94459, 
    94460, 94461, 94462, 94751, 94752, 
    94753, 94754, 94755, 94756, 94757, 
    94758, 94762, 94764, 95565, 95567, 
    95568, 95570, 95572
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.01696

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "86.69"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 96,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 96,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "9.89",
              "eval_cost": "9.60",
              "prefix_cost": "19.49",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (94453,94454,94455,94456,94458,94459,94460,94461,94462,94751,94752,94753,94754,94755,94756,94757,94758,94762,94764,95565,95567,95568,95570,95572))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 96,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "24.00",
              "eval_cost": "9.60",
              "prefix_cost": "53.09",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 4,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "24.00",
              "eval_cost": "0.48",
              "prefix_cost": "86.69",
              "data_read_per_join": "12K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids position
94453 7157M,7343,7342,7341
94454 7157M,7343,7342,7341
94455 7343,7341,7157M,7342
94456 7342,7343,7157M,7341
94458 7342,7343,7157M,7341
94459 7343,7342,7341,7157M
94460 7342,7341,7157M,7343
94461 7157M,7342,7341,7343
94462 7342,7341,7343,7157M
94751 7157M,7342,7343,7341
94752 7342,7157M,7343,7341
94753 7342,7343,7341,7157M
94754 7342,7341,7157M,7343
94755 7341,7342,7343,7157M
94756 7157M,7342,7341,7343
94757 7343,7342,7157M,7341
94758 7343,7342,7157M,7341
94762 7343,7342,7157M,7341
94764 7343,7157M,7341,7342
95565 7343,7342,7157M,7341
95567 7342,7157M,7341,7343
95568 7342,7157M,7341,7343
95570 7342,7157M,7343,7341
95572 7341,7343,7157M,7342