SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7184 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    92243, 92244, 92246, 92251, 92483, 92484, 
    92440, 91358, 92186, 92187, 92188, 
    92189, 92190, 92441, 85652, 85656, 
    91390, 85582, 92488, 91388, 92476, 
    92477, 92478, 92479
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00139

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "42.85"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 75,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 75,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "7.79",
              "eval_cost": "7.50",
              "prefix_cost": "15.29",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (92243,92244,92246,92251,92483,92484,92440,91358,92186,92187,92188,92189,92190,92441,85652,85656,91390,85582,92488,91388,92476,92477,92478,92479))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 3,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "18.75",
              "eval_cost": "0.38",
              "prefix_cost": "41.54",
              "data_read_per_join": "9K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 3,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "0.94",
              "eval_cost": "0.38",
              "prefix_cost": "42.85",
              "data_read_per_join": "60"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids position
85582 7341,7342,7343,7157M
85652 7184,7187M 0
85656 7184,7187M 0
91358 7337,7217M
91388 7337,7217M
91390 7337,7217M
92186 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92187 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92188 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92189 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92190 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92243 7313,7338,7219M
92244 7313,7338,7219M
92246 7313,7338,7219M
92251 7313,7338,7219M
92440 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92441 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92476 7313,7338,7219M
92477 7313,7338,7219M
92478 7313,7338,7219M
92479 7313,7338,7219M
92483 7313,7338,7219M
92484 7313,7338,7219M
92488 7313,7338,7219M