SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7184 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    92463, 92464, 91380, 92489, 92490, 92491, 
    92492, 92493, 92494, 92495, 86892, 
    90065, 91349, 91352, 91354, 90076, 
    92211, 92216, 92218, 92219, 92220, 
    92221, 92222, 92224
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00151

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "43.98"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 77,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 77,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "7.99",
              "eval_cost": "7.70",
              "prefix_cost": "15.69",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (92463,92464,91380,92489,92490,92491,92492,92493,92494,92495,86892,90065,91349,91352,91354,90076,92211,92216,92218,92219,92220,92221,92222,92224))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 3,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "19.25",
              "eval_cost": "0.39",
              "prefix_cost": "42.64",
              "data_read_per_join": "10K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 3,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "0.96",
              "eval_cost": "0.39",
              "prefix_cost": "43.99",
              "data_read_per_join": "61"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids position
86892 7341,7342,7343,7157M
90065 7184,7187M 0
90076 7184,7187M 0
91349 7337,7217M
91352 7337,7217M
91354 7337,7217M
91380 7337,7217M
92211 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92216 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92218 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92219 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92220 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92221 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92222 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92224 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92463 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92464 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92489 7313,7338,7219M
92490 7313,7338,7219M
92491 7313,7338,7219M
92492 7313,7338,7219M
92493 7313,7338,7219M
92494 7313,7338,7219M
92495 7313,7338,7219M