SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7257 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    94586, 94587, 94588, 94827, 94828, 94829, 
    94830, 94831, 94839, 94840, 94841, 
    94843, 94850, 94851, 94852, 94853, 
    95309, 95315, 95316, 95318, 95319, 
    95365, 95366, 95367, 95368, 95369, 
    95370, 95371, 95372, 95373
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.01465

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "61.48"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 68,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 68,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "7.08",
              "eval_cost": "6.80",
              "prefix_cost": "13.88",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (94586,94587,94588,94827,94828,94829,94830,94831,94839,94840,94841,94843,94850,94851,94852,94853,95309,95315,95316,95318,95319,95365,95366,95367,95368,95369,95370,95371,95372,95373))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 68,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "17.00",
              "eval_cost": "6.80",
              "prefix_cost": "37.68",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 3,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "17.00",
              "eval_cost": "0.34",
              "prefix_cost": "61.48",
              "data_read_per_join": "8K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids position
94586 7241,7346,7309,7208M
94587 7208M,7241,7346,7309
94588 7208M,7241,7346,7309
94827 7262,7256M
94828 7262,7256M
94829 7256M,7262
94830 7256M,7262
94831 7256M,7262
94839 7265,7247M
94840 7265,7247M
94841 7265,7247M
94843 7345,7259M,7347
94850 7259M,7345,7347
94851 7258M
94852 7345,7259M,7347
94853 7260M,7320
95309 7345,7259M,7347
95315 7258M
95316 7347,7345,7259M
95318 7258M
95319 7265,7247M
95365 7265,7247M
95366 7247M,7265
95367 7265,7247M
95368 7265,7247M
95369 7265,7247M
95370 7265,7247M
95371 7265,7247M
95372 7265,7247M
95373 7265,7247M