SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7184 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    98479, 98480, 98481, 98483, 98484, 98485, 
    98486, 98487, 98488, 98489, 98490, 
    98491, 98492, 98493, 98494, 98495, 
    98503, 98504, 98505, 98506, 98507, 
    98508, 98550, 98551, 98560, 98561, 
    98562, 98570, 98571, 98683, 98684, 
    98685, 98686, 98716, 98717, 98718, 
    98719, 98720, 98721, 98722, 98723, 
    98724, 98725, 98726, 98727, 98728, 
    98729, 98730, 98731, 98732, 98733, 
    98734, 98735, 98736, 98737, 98750, 
    98751, 98752, 98753, 98754, 98755, 
    98756, 98757, 98759, 98769, 98770, 
    98771, 98772, 98897, 99020, 99021, 
    99022, 99023, 99024, 99025, 99066, 
    99508, 99509, 99510, 99512, 99513, 
    99514, 99516, 99517, 99518, 99528, 
    99562, 99563, 99564, 99565, 99653, 
    99654, 99655, 99656, 99657, 99658
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.01586

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "133.24"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_temporary_table": true,
      "using_filesort": true,
      "cost_info": {
        "sort_cost": "8.51"
      },
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "ALL",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 208,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 8,
            "filtered": "4.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "20.72",
              "eval_cost": "0.83",
              "prefix_cost": "21.55",
              "data_read_per_join": "21K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 117,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 8,
            "filtered": "0.87",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "2.33",
              "eval_cost": "0.85",
              "prefix_cost": "121.75",
              "data_read_per_join": "136"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (98479,98480,98481,98483,98484,98485,98486,98487,98488,98489,98490,98491,98492,98493,98494,98495,98503,98504,98505,98506,98507,98508,98550,98551,98560,98561,98562,98570,98571,98683,98684,98685,98686,98716,98717,98718,98719,98720,98721,98722,98723,98724,98725,98726,98727,98728,98729,98730,98731,98732,98733,98734,98735,98736,98737,98750,98751,98752,98753,98754,98755,98756,98757,98759,98769,98770,98771,98772,98897,99020,99021,99022,99023,99024,99025,99066,99508,99509,99510,99512,99513,99514,99516,99517,99518,99528,99562,99563,99564,99565,99653,99654,99655,99656,99657,99658))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 8,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "2.13",
              "eval_cost": "0.85",
              "prefix_cost": "124.73",
              "data_read_per_join": "136"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}