SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7186 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    98086, 98087, 98088, 98089, 98090, 98091, 
    98092, 98093, 98094, 98095, 98096, 
    98097, 98098, 98099, 98100, 98101, 
    98102, 98103, 98104, 98105, 98106, 
    98115, 98116, 98117, 98118, 98119, 
    98120, 98121, 98130, 98131, 98132, 
    98133, 98134, 98135, 98136, 98137, 
    98170, 98173, 98175, 98343, 98344, 
    98345, 98346, 98347, 98348, 98349, 
    98350, 98383, 98384, 98385, 98386, 
    98387, 98388, 98389, 98390, 98417, 
    98419, 98423, 98430, 98431, 98444, 
    98448, 98454, 98550, 98560, 98561, 
    98562, 98570, 98686, 98716, 98718, 
    98720, 99020, 99022, 99024, 100146, 
    100148, 100292, 100294, 100482, 100487, 
    100489, 100490, 100491, 100493, 100494, 
    100495, 100496, 100498, 100499, 100536, 
    100538, 100594, 100596, 100613, 100614
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00226

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "54.77"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 96,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 96,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "9.89",
              "eval_cost": "9.60",
              "prefix_cost": "19.49",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (98086,98087,98088,98089,98090,98091,98092,98093,98094,98095,98096,98097,98098,98099,98100,98101,98102,98103,98104,98105,98106,98115,98116,98117,98118,98119,98120,98121,98130,98131,98132,98133,98134,98135,98136,98137,98170,98173,98175,98343,98344,98345,98346,98347,98348,98349,98350,98383,98384,98385,98386,98387,98388,98389,98390,98417,98419,98423,98430,98431,98444,98448,98454,98550,98560,98561,98562,98570,98686,98716,98718,98720,99020,99022,99024,100146,100148,100292,100294,100482,100487,100489,100490,100491,100493,100494,100495,100496,100498,100499,100536,100538,100594,100596,100613,100614))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 4,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "24.00",
              "eval_cost": "0.48",
              "prefix_cost": "53.09",
              "data_read_per_join": "12K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 4,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "1.20",
              "eval_cost": "0.48",
              "prefix_cost": "54.77",
              "data_read_per_join": "76"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}