SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7237 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    89712, 89713, 89670, 88106, 88118, 88130, 
    88264, 88273, 88274, 88270, 88302, 
    88303, 89708, 89709, 89666, 88268, 
    88269, 89669, 89705, 89662, 89672, 
    89673, 88267, 89667, 89668, 89710, 
    89711, 88348, 88349, 88350, 89665, 
    88300, 88301, 88265, 88266, 88272, 
    89706, 89707, 88344, 88345, 88346, 
    88347, 89663, 89664, 89671, 89701, 
    89702, 88105, 88117, 88129, 88263, 
    89660, 89659, 89661, 88343, 88365, 
    89658, 88296, 88297, 88115, 88127, 
    88139, 88299, 89699, 89700, 88342, 
    89704, 88381, 88382, 88104, 88116, 
    88128, 88262, 88338, 88377, 88378, 
    88114, 88126, 88138, 88298, 88334, 
    88337, 88364, 88374, 89657, 88330, 
    88340, 88341, 88261, 88335, 88336, 
    88379, 88380, 89703, 89721, 88333
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.01668

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "136.76"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_temporary_table": true,
      "using_filesort": true,
      "cost_info": {
        "sort_cost": "11.12"
      },
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "ALL",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 208,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 8,
            "filtered": "4.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "20.72",
              "eval_cost": "0.83",
              "prefix_cost": "21.55",
              "data_read_per_join": "21K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 117,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 11,
            "filtered": "1.14",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "2.33",
              "eval_cost": "1.11",
              "prefix_cost": "121.75",
              "data_read_per_join": "177"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (89712,89713,89670,88106,88118,88130,88264,88273,88274,88270,88302,88303,89708,89709,89666,88268,88269,89669,89705,89662,89672,89673,88267,89667,89668,89710,89711,88348,88349,88350,89665,88300,88301,88265,88266,88272,89706,89707,88344,88345,88346,88347,89663,89664,89671,89701,89702,88105,88117,88129,88263,89660,89659,89661,88343,88365,89658,88296,88297,88115,88127,88139,88299,89699,89700,88342,89704,88381,88382,88104,88116,88128,88262,88338,88377,88378,88114,88126,88138,88298,88334,88337,88364,88374,89657,88330,88340,88341,88261,88335,88336,88379,88380,89703,89721,88333))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 11,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "2.78",
              "eval_cost": "1.11",
              "prefix_cost": "125.64",
              "data_read_per_join": "177"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}