SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7156 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    94155, 94156, 94157, 94158, 94159, 94160, 
    94452, 94453, 94454, 94455, 94456, 
    94458, 94459, 94460, 94461, 94462, 
    94604, 94605, 94606, 94607, 94608, 
    94609, 94610, 94611, 94612, 94613, 
    94614, 94615, 94616, 94617
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00146

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "54.28"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 60,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 60,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "6.28",
              "eval_cost": "6.00",
              "prefix_cost": "12.28",
              "data_read_per_join": "960"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (94155,94156,94157,94158,94159,94160,94452,94453,94454,94455,94456,94458,94459,94460,94461,94462,94604,94605,94606,94607,94608,94609,94610,94611,94612,94613,94614,94615,94616,94617))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 60,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "15.00",
              "eval_cost": "6.00",
              "prefix_cost": "33.28",
              "data_read_per_join": "960"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 3,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "15.00",
              "eval_cost": "0.30",
              "prefix_cost": "54.28",
              "data_read_per_join": "7K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids position
94155 7194M
94156 7194M
94157 7194M
94158 7194M
94159 7194M
94160 7194M
94452 7341,7342,7343,7157M
94453 7341,7342,7343,7157M
94454 7341,7342,7343,7157M
94455 7341,7342,7343,7157M
94456 7341,7342,7343,7157M
94458 7341,7342,7343,7157M
94459 7341,7342,7343,7157M
94460 7341,7342,7343,7157M
94461 7341,7342,7343,7157M
94462 7341,7342,7343,7157M
94604 7194M
94605 7194M
94606 7194M
94607 7194M
94608 7194M
94609 7194M
94610 7194M
94611 7194M
94612 7194M
94613 7194M
94614 7194M
94615 7194M
94616 7194M
94617 7194M