SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7340 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    98440, 98441, 98443, 98447, 98451, 98453, 
    98456, 98476, 98477, 98478, 98479, 
    98480, 98481, 98483, 98484, 98490, 
    98492, 98759, 98769, 98770, 98771, 
    98772, 98897, 99066, 99508, 99512, 
    99516, 100480, 100481, 100484
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00952

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "108.30"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 120,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 120,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "12.30",
              "eval_cost": "12.00",
              "prefix_cost": "24.30",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (98440,98441,98443,98447,98451,98453,98456,98476,98477,98478,98479,98480,98481,98483,98484,98490,98492,98759,98769,98770,98771,98772,98897,99066,99508,99512,99516,100480,100481,100484))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 120,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "30.00",
              "eval_cost": "12.00",
              "prefix_cost": "66.30",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 6,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "30.00",
              "eval_cost": "0.60",
              "prefix_cost": "108.30",
              "data_read_per_join": "15K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids position
98440 7157M,7341,7342,7343
98441 7157M,7341,7342,7343
98443 7157M,7341,7342,7343
98447 7157M,7341,7342,7343
98451 7157M,7341,7342,7343
98453 7157M,7341,7342,7343
98456 7157M,7341,7342,7343
98476 7157M,7341,7342,7343
98477 7157M,7341,7342,7343
98478 7157M,7341,7342,7343
98479 7157M,7341,7342,7343
98480 7157M,7341,7342,7343
98481 7157M,7341,7342,7343
98483 7157M,7341,7342,7343
98484 7157M,7341,7342,7343
98490 7157M,7341,7342,7343
98492 7157M,7341,7342,7343
98759 7157M,7341,7342,7343
98769 7157M,7341,7342,7343
98770 7157M,7341,7342,7343
98771 7157M,7341,7342,7343
98772 7157M,7341,7342,7343
98897 7157M,7341,7342,7343
99066 7157M,7341,7342,7343
99508 7157M,7341,7342,7343
99512 7157M,7341,7342,7343
99516 7157M,7341,7342,7343
100480 7157M,7341,7342,7343
100481 7157M,7341,7342,7343
100484 7157M,7341,7342,7343