SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7184 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    98404, 98405, 98406, 98411, 98412, 98413, 
    98417, 98418, 98419, 98420, 98421, 
    98422, 98423, 98424, 98425, 98426, 
    98427, 98428, 98429, 98430, 98431, 
    98432, 98433, 98434, 98435, 98436, 
    98437, 98438, 98439, 98440, 98441, 
    98442, 98443, 98444, 98446, 98447, 
    98448, 98449, 98450, 98451, 98452, 
    98453, 98454, 98455, 98456, 98476, 
    98477, 98478
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00189

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "83.17"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 146,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 146,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "14.91",
              "eval_cost": "14.60",
              "prefix_cost": "29.51",
              "data_read_per_join": "2K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (98404,98405,98406,98411,98412,98413,98417,98418,98419,98420,98421,98422,98423,98424,98425,98426,98427,98428,98429,98430,98431,98432,98433,98434,98435,98436,98437,98438,98439,98440,98441,98442,98443,98444,98446,98447,98448,98449,98450,98451,98452,98453,98454,98455,98456,98476,98477,98478))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 7,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "36.50",
              "eval_cost": "0.73",
              "prefix_cost": "80.61",
              "data_read_per_join": "19K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 7,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "1.83",
              "eval_cost": "0.73",
              "prefix_cost": "83.17",
              "data_read_per_join": "116"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}