SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7166 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    95683, 95702, 95703, 96193, 96194, 96841, 
    96917, 96918, 96919, 96981, 96982, 
    96983, 96984, 96998, 98538, 98539, 
    98540, 98541, 98542, 98543, 98544, 
    98545, 98546, 98547, 98548, 98549, 
    100923, 100924, 100925, 100926
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.01458

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "66.89"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 74,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 74,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "7.69",
              "eval_cost": "7.40",
              "prefix_cost": "15.09",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (95683,95702,95703,96193,96194,96841,96917,96918,96919,96981,96982,96983,96984,96998,98538,98539,98540,98541,98542,98543,98544,98545,98546,98547,98548,98549,100923,100924,100925,100926))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 74,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "18.50",
              "eval_cost": "7.40",
              "prefix_cost": "40.99",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 3,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "18.50",
              "eval_cost": "0.37",
              "prefix_cost": "66.89",
              "data_read_per_join": "9K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids position
95683 7283,7183,7167M
95702 7183,7283,7167M
95703 7167M,7283,7183
96193 7193M,7319
96194 7193M,7319
96841 7167M,7283,7183
96917 7166M 0
96918 7183,7283,7167M
96919 7283,7183,7167M
96981 7166M 0
96982 7166M 0
96983 7166M 0
96984 7166M 0
96998 7167M,7183,7283
98538 7167M,7183,7283
98539 7167M,7183,7283
98540 7183,7167M,7283
98541 7183,7167M,7283
98542 7183,7167M,7283
98543 7183,7167M,7283
98544 7183,7283,7167M
98545 7167M,7183,7283
98546 7183,7167M,7283
98547 7183,7283,7167M
98548 7283,7183,7167M
98549 7167M,7283,7183
100923 7193M,7319
100924 7319,7193M
100925 7319,7193M
100926 7193M,7319