SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7192 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    82963, 83336, 83337, 83346, 83347, 86488, 
    86764, 83548, 85078, 85164, 85210, 
    85256, 86623, 86692, 82597, 82598, 
    83037, 83045, 83360, 83361, 83594, 
    90873, 90881, 90952
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00100

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "14.46"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 25,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 25,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "2.77",
              "eval_cost": "2.50",
              "prefix_cost": "5.27",
              "data_read_per_join": "400"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (82963,83336,83337,83346,83347,86488,86764,83548,85078,85164,85210,85256,86623,86692,82597,82598,83037,83045,83360,83361,83594,90873,90881,90952))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 1,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "6.25",
              "eval_cost": "0.13",
              "prefix_cost": "14.02",
              "data_read_per_join": "3K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 1,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "0.31",
              "eval_cost": "0.13",
              "prefix_cost": "14.46",
              "data_read_per_join": "20"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids position
82597 7192M 0
82598 7192M 0
82963 7192M 0
83037 7192M 0
83045 7192M 0
83336 7192M 0
83337 7192M 0
83346 7192M 0
83347 7192M 0
83360 7192M 0
83361 7192M 0
83548 7170,7192M 0
83594 7192M 0
85078 7192M 0
85164 7192M 0
85210 7192M 0
85256 7192M 0
86488 7192M 0
86623 7192M 0
86692 7192M 0
86764 7192M 0
90873 7192M 0
90881 7192M 0
90952 7192M 0