SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7184 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    97892, 97893, 97894, 97895, 97896, 97897, 
    97898, 97899, 97900, 97901, 97902, 
    97903, 97904, 97905, 97906, 97907, 
    97908, 97909, 97910, 97911, 97912, 
    97913, 97914, 97915
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00114

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "13.89"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 24,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 24,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "2.67",
              "eval_cost": "2.40",
              "prefix_cost": "5.07",
              "data_read_per_join": "384"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (97892,97893,97894,97895,97896,97897,97898,97899,97900,97901,97902,97903,97904,97905,97906,97907,97908,97909,97910,97911,97912,97913,97914,97915))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 1,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "6.00",
              "eval_cost": "0.12",
              "prefix_cost": "13.47",
              "data_read_per_join": "3K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 1,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "0.30",
              "eval_cost": "0.12",
              "prefix_cost": "13.89",
              "data_read_per_join": "19"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids position
97892 7186M
97893 7186M
97894 7186M
97895 7186M
97896 7186M
97897 7186M
97898 7186M
97899 7186M
97900 7186M
97901 7186M
97902 7186M
97903 7185M
97904 7185M
97905 7185M
97906 7185M
97907 7185M
97908 7185M
97909 7185M
97910 7185M
97911 7188M
97912 7188M
97913 7188M
97914 7188M
97915 7186M