SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7257 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    101771, 101772, 101773, 101774, 101775, 
    101776, 101777, 101778, 101779, 101780, 
    101781, 101782, 101783, 101784, 101785, 
    101786, 101787, 101788, 101789, 101790, 
    101791, 101792, 101793, 101952, 101953, 
    101954, 101955
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.01267

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "97.50"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 108,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 108,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "11.10",
              "eval_cost": "10.80",
              "prefix_cost": "21.90",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (101771,101772,101773,101774,101775,101776,101777,101778,101779,101780,101781,101782,101783,101784,101785,101786,101787,101788,101789,101790,101791,101792,101793,101952,101953,101954,101955))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 108,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "27.00",
              "eval_cost": "10.80",
              "prefix_cost": "59.70",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 5,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "27.00",
              "eval_cost": "0.54",
              "prefix_cost": "97.50",
              "data_read_per_join": "14K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids position
101771 7208M,7241,7309,7346
101772 7208M,7241,7309,7346
101773 7208M,7241,7309,7346
101774 7208M,7241,7309,7346
101775 7208M,7241,7309,7346
101776 7208M,7241,7309,7346
101777 7208M,7241,7309,7346
101778 7208M,7241,7309,7346
101779 7208M,7241,7309,7346
101780 7208M,7241,7309,7346
101781 7208M,7241,7309,7346
101782 7208M,7241,7309,7346
101783 7208M,7241,7309,7346
101784 7208M,7241,7309,7346
101785 7208M,7241,7309,7346
101786 7208M,7241,7309,7346
101787 7208M,7241,7309,7346
101788 7208M,7241,7309,7346
101789 7208M,7241,7309,7346
101790 7208M,7241,7309,7346
101791 7208M,7241,7309,7346
101792 7208M,7241,7309,7346
101793 7208M,7241,7309,7346
101952 7208M,7241,7309,7346
101953 7208M,7241,7309,7346
101954 7208M,7241,7309,7346
101955 7208M,7241,7309,7346