SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7143 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    89307, 82362, 89319, 89326, 91960, 90096, 
    89312, 90118, 89345, 89193, 89318, 
    89347, 89346, 89197, 89255, 89348, 
    89261, 89314, 89320, 83140, 84119, 
    89260, 89315, 89256, 82360, 89313, 
    89316, 91953, 91954, 91955, 91956, 
    91957, 91958, 91959, 84290, 82404, 
    83118, 84115, 89310, 82342, 89311, 
    82367, 89304, 86236, 86815, 89973, 
    82364, 82363
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.01928

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "76.79"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 85,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 85,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "8.79",
              "eval_cost": "8.50",
              "prefix_cost": "17.29",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (89307,82362,89319,89326,91960,90096,89312,90118,89345,89193,89318,89347,89346,89197,89255,89348,89261,89314,89320,83140,84119,89260,89315,89256,82360,89313,89316,91953,91954,91955,91956,91957,91958,91959,84290,82404,83118,84115,89310,82342,89311,82367,89304,86236,86815,89973,82364,82363))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 85,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "21.25",
              "eval_cost": "8.50",
              "prefix_cost": "47.04",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 4,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "21.25",
              "eval_cost": "0.43",
              "prefix_cost": "76.79",
              "data_read_per_join": "11K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}