SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7237 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    89656, 89698, 89655, 86874, 88375, 88376, 
    88331, 88332, 88339, 88370, 88371, 
    89697, 88328, 88327, 88329, 88326, 
    86872, 88368, 88369, 88373, 86875, 
    88325, 86883, 86870, 88372, 88324, 
    88367, 88323, 86868, 86871, 86873, 
    88366, 86869, 86881, 86878, 86879, 
    89720, 86876, 86886, 89719, 89722, 
    86877, 86882, 86884, 86885, 89579, 
    89581, 89583, 89585, 89587, 89578, 
    89580, 89582, 89584, 89586, 89588, 
    89577, 85567, 89576, 94024, 94025, 
    94382, 94383, 94384, 94385, 94386, 
    94387, 94388, 94389, 94390, 94391, 
    94392, 94393, 94394, 94395, 94396, 
    94397, 94398, 94399, 94400, 94401, 
    94402, 94403, 94404, 94405, 94406, 
    94407, 94408, 94409, 94410, 94411, 
    94412, 94413, 94414, 94415, 94416
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.01784

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "129.30"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_temporary_table": true,
      "using_filesort": true,
      "cost_info": {
        "sort_cost": "5.60"
      },
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "ALL",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 208,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 8,
            "filtered": "4.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "20.72",
              "eval_cost": "0.83",
              "prefix_cost": "21.55",
              "data_read_per_join": "21K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 117,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 5,
            "filtered": "0.57",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "2.33",
              "eval_cost": "0.56",
              "prefix_cost": "121.75",
              "data_read_per_join": "89"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (89656,89698,89655,86874,88375,88376,88331,88332,88339,88370,88371,89697,88328,88327,88329,88326,86872,88368,88369,88373,86875,88325,86883,86870,88372,88324,88367,88323,86868,86871,86873,88366,86869,86881,86878,86879,89720,86876,86886,89719,89722,86877,86882,86884,86885,89579,89581,89583,89585,89587,89578,89580,89582,89584,89586,89588,89577,85567,89576,94024,94025,94382,94383,94384,94385,94386,94387,94388,94389,94390,94391,94392,94393,94394,94395,94396,94397,94398,94399,94400,94401,94402,94403,94404,94405,94406,94407,94408,94409,94410,94411,94412,94413,94414,94415,94416))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 5,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "1.40",
              "eval_cost": "0.56",
              "prefix_cost": "123.71",
              "data_read_per_join": "89"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}