SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7336 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    91342, 91348, 91335, 91340, 91332, 91361, 
    91363, 91391, 91393, 91362, 91364, 
    92240, 92245, 92247, 92248, 92249, 
    92250, 92252, 92253, 92485, 92486, 
    92487, 91392, 91394
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00144

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "53.38"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 59,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 59,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "6.18",
              "eval_cost": "5.90",
              "prefix_cost": "12.08",
              "data_read_per_join": "944"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (91342,91348,91335,91340,91332,91361,91363,91391,91393,91362,91364,92240,92245,92247,92248,92249,92250,92252,92253,92485,92486,92487,91392,91394))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 59,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "14.75",
              "eval_cost": "5.90",
              "prefix_cost": "32.73",
              "data_read_per_join": "944"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 2,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "14.75",
              "eval_cost": "0.30",
              "prefix_cost": "53.38",
              "data_read_per_join": "7K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids position
91332 7337,7336M 0
91335 7337,7336M 0
91340 7337,7336M 0
91342 7337,7336M 0
91348 7337,7217M
91361 7337,7217M
91362 7337,7217M
91363 7337,7217M
91364 7337,7217M
91391 7337,7217M
91392 7337,7217M
91393 7337,7217M
91394 7337,7217M
92240 7313,7338,7219M
92245 7313,7338,7219M
92247 7313,7338,7219M
92248 7313,7338,7219M
92249 7313,7338,7219M
92250 7313,7338,7219M
92252 7313,7338,7219M
92253 7313,7338,7219M
92485 7313,7338,7219M
92486 7313,7338,7219M
92487 7313,7338,7219M