SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7148 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    92337, 92338, 92339, 92340, 88093, 84704, 
    84707, 91054, 90824, 90825, 89173, 
    91839, 87232, 87233, 87237, 87238, 
    87242, 87243, 87247, 87248, 88509, 
    88513, 88950, 88951
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00142

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "35.47"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 62,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 62,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "6.48",
              "eval_cost": "6.20",
              "prefix_cost": "12.68",
              "data_read_per_join": "992"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (92337,92338,92339,92340,88093,84704,84707,91054,90824,90825,89173,91839,87232,87233,87237,87238,87242,87243,87247,87248,88509,88513,88950,88951))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 3,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "15.50",
              "eval_cost": "0.31",
              "prefix_cost": "34.38",
              "data_read_per_join": "8K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 3,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "0.78",
              "eval_cost": "0.31",
              "prefix_cost": "35.47",
              "data_read_per_join": "49"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids position
84704 7241,7309,7346,7208M
84707 7241,7309,7346,7208M
87232 7194M
87233 7194M
87237 7194M
87238 7194M
87242 7194M
87243 7194M
87247 7194M
87248 7194M
88093 7148,7158M 0
88509 7241,7309,7346,7208M
88513 7241,7309,7346,7208M
88950 7241,7309,7346,7208M
88951 7241,7309,7346,7208M
89173 7265,7247M
90824 7194M
90825 7194M
91054 7241,7309,7346,7208M
91839 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92337 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92338 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92339 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92340 7341,7342,7343,7157M