SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7257 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    88969, 88970, 88973, 88974, 88967, 88968, 
    88971, 88972, 88955, 88956, 88953, 
    88954, 87879, 89976, 89977, 89978, 
    84704, 84707, 91054, 89979, 89980, 
    89981, 89173, 89987, 88066, 88509, 
    88513, 88950, 88951, 88952
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.01573

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "92.10"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 102,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 102,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "10.50",
              "eval_cost": "10.20",
              "prefix_cost": "20.70",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (88969,88970,88973,88974,88967,88968,88971,88972,88955,88956,88953,88954,87879,89976,89977,89978,84704,84707,91054,89979,89980,89981,89173,89987,88066,88509,88513,88950,88951,88952))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 102,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "25.50",
              "eval_cost": "10.20",
              "prefix_cost": "56.40",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 5,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "25.50",
              "eval_cost": "0.51",
              "prefix_cost": "92.10",
              "data_read_per_join": "13K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids position
84704 7208M,7241,7309,7346
84707 7208M,7241,7309,7346
87879 7208M,7241,7309,7346
88066 7259M,7345,7347
88509 7208M,7241,7309,7346
88513 7208M,7241,7309,7346
88950 7208M,7241,7309,7346
88951 7208M,7241,7309,7346
88952 7208M,7241,7309,7346
88953 7208M,7241,7309,7346
88954 7208M,7241,7309,7346
88955 7208M,7241,7309,7346
88956 7208M,7241,7309,7346
88967 7208M,7241,7309,7346
88968 7208M,7241,7309,7346
88969 7208M,7241,7309,7346
88970 7208M,7241,7309,7346
88971 7208M,7241,7309,7346
88972 7208M,7241,7309,7346
88973 7208M,7241,7309,7346
88974 7208M,7241,7309,7346
89173 7247M,7265
89976 7260M,7320
89977 7260M,7320
89978 7260M,7320
89979 7260M,7320
89980 7260M,7320
89981 7260M,7320
89987 7258M
91054 7208M,7241,7309,7346