SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7344 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    94852, 95309, 95316, 95376, 95762, 95778, 
    95779, 95823, 96119, 96508, 96530, 
    96570, 96572, 97620, 97623, 97625, 
    97639, 97705, 99111, 99122, 99124, 
    99126, 99129, 99163, 99172, 99178, 
    99184, 99204, 99207, 99223
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.01588

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "81.29"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 90,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 90,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "9.29",
              "eval_cost": "9.00",
              "prefix_cost": "18.29",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (94852,95309,95316,95376,95762,95778,95779,95823,96119,96508,96530,96570,96572,97620,97623,97625,97639,97705,99111,99122,99124,99126,99129,99163,99172,99178,99184,99204,99207,99223))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 90,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "22.50",
              "eval_cost": "9.00",
              "prefix_cost": "49.79",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 4,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "22.50",
              "eval_cost": "0.45",
              "prefix_cost": "81.29",
              "data_read_per_join": "11K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids position
94852 7347,7259M,7345
95309 7259M,7345,7347
95316 7259M,7345,7347
95376 7347,7345,7259M
95762 7347,7345,7259M
95778 7347,7345,7259M
95779 7347,7345,7259M
95823 7345,7259M,7347
96119 7347,7259M,7345
96508 7347,7345,7259M
96530 7347,7345,7259M
96570 7259M,7345,7347
96572 7259M,7347,7345
97620 7259M,7347,7345
97623 7259M,7347,7345
97625 7347,7345,7259M
97639 7259M,7345,7347
97705 7347,7345,7259M
99111 7347,7259M,7345
99122 7347,7345,7259M
99124 7347,7345,7259M
99126 7347,7345,7259M
99129 7259M,7347,7345
99163 7347,7345,7259M
99172 7259M,7347,7345
99178 7345,7347,7259M
99184 7345,7259M,7347
99204 7345,7259M,7347
99207 7345,7259M,7347
99223 7345,7259M,7347