SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7148 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    95941, 95942, 95943, 95944, 95945, 95946, 
    96123, 96130, 96202, 96203, 96204, 
    96205, 96206, 96207, 96208, 96210, 
    96211, 96295, 96298, 96299, 96300, 
    96301, 96341, 96342, 96343, 96344, 
    96345, 96346, 96347, 96348
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00068

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "42.28"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 74,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 74,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "7.69",
              "eval_cost": "7.40",
              "prefix_cost": "15.09",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (95941,95942,95943,95944,95945,95946,96123,96130,96202,96203,96204,96205,96206,96207,96208,96210,96211,96295,96298,96299,96300,96301,96341,96342,96343,96344,96345,96346,96347,96348))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 3,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "18.50",
              "eval_cost": "0.37",
              "prefix_cost": "40.99",
              "data_read_per_join": "9K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 3,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "0.93",
              "eval_cost": "0.37",
              "prefix_cost": "42.28",
              "data_read_per_join": "59"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids position
95941 7341,7342,7343,7157M
95942 7313,7338,7219M
95943 7313,7338,7219M
95944 7226,7225M
95945 7241,7309,7346,7208M
95946 7241,7309,7346,7208M
96123 7194M
96130 7194M
96202 7194M
96203 7194M
96204 7194M
96205 7194M
96206 7341,7342,7343,7157M
96207 7341,7342,7343,7157M
96208 7341,7342,7343,7157M
96210 7194M
96211 7194M
96295 7301,7151M
96298 7301,7151M
96299 7305,7160M
96300 7305,7160M
96301 7305,7160M
96341 7313,7338,7219M
96342 7313,7338,7219M
96343 7313,7338,7219M
96344 7313,7338,7219M
96345 7313,7338,7219M
96346 7313,7338,7219M
96347 7313,7338,7219M
96348 7313,7338,7219M