SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7148 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    94673, 94674, 94694, 94695, 94696, 94697, 
    94698, 94699, 94700, 94701, 94702, 
    94707, 94708, 94750, 94751, 94752, 
    94753, 94754, 94755, 94756, 94757, 
    94758, 94759, 94760, 94761, 94762, 
    94763, 94764, 94765, 94816
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00137

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "48.53"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 85,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 85,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "8.79",
              "eval_cost": "8.50",
              "prefix_cost": "17.29",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (94673,94674,94694,94695,94696,94697,94698,94699,94700,94701,94702,94707,94708,94750,94751,94752,94753,94754,94755,94756,94757,94758,94759,94760,94761,94762,94763,94764,94765,94816))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 4,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "21.25",
              "eval_cost": "0.43",
              "prefix_cost": "47.04",
              "data_read_per_join": "11K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 4,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "1.06",
              "eval_cost": "0.43",
              "prefix_cost": "48.53",
              "data_read_per_join": "68"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids position
94673 7263M
94674 7263M
94694 7305,7160M
94695 7305,7160M
94696 7301,7151M
94697 7301,7151M
94698 7305,7160M
94699 7305,7160M
94700 7305,7160M
94701 7305,7160M
94702 7305,7160M
94707 7303,7161M
94708 7303,7161M
94750 7313,7338,7219M
94751 7341,7342,7343,7157M
94752 7341,7342,7343,7157M
94753 7341,7342,7343,7157M
94754 7341,7342,7343,7157M
94755 7341,7342,7343,7157M
94756 7341,7342,7343,7157M
94757 7341,7342,7343,7157M
94758 7341,7342,7343,7157M
94759 7313,7338,7219M
94760 7313,7338,7219M
94761 7313,7338,7219M
94762 7341,7342,7343,7157M
94763 7313,7338,7219M
94764 7341,7342,7343,7157M
94765 7313,7338,7219M
94816 7313,7338,7219M