SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7195 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    101086, 101087, 101088, 101089, 101090, 
    101091, 101092, 101654, 101655, 101872, 
    101873, 101874, 101875, 101876, 101877, 
    101878, 101879, 101880, 101881, 101882, 
    101883, 101884, 101885, 101886, 101887, 
    101888, 101889, 101890, 101891, 101892
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00122

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "29.07"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 32,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 32,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "3.47",
              "eval_cost": "3.20",
              "prefix_cost": "6.67",
              "data_read_per_join": "512"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (101086,101087,101088,101089,101090,101091,101092,101654,101655,101872,101873,101874,101875,101876,101877,101878,101879,101880,101881,101882,101883,101884,101885,101886,101887,101888,101889,101890,101891,101892))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 32,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "8.00",
              "eval_cost": "3.20",
              "prefix_cost": "17.87",
              "data_read_per_join": "512"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 1,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "8.00",
              "eval_cost": "0.16",
              "prefix_cost": "29.07",
              "data_read_per_join": "4K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids position
101086 7254M
101087 7254M
101088 7254M
101089 7254M
101090 7254M
101091 7254M
101092 7254M
101654 7330,7285M
101655 7330,7285M
101872 7222M
101873 7222M
101874 7222M
101875 7222M
101876 7222M
101877 7222M
101878 7222M
101879 7222M
101880 7222M
101881 7222M
101882 7222M
101883 7222M
101884 7222M
101885 7222M
101886 7222M
101887 7222M
101888 7222M
101889 7222M
101890 7222M
101891 7222M
101892 7222M