SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7336 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    96239, 96240, 96241, 96242, 96243, 96244, 
    96334, 96336, 96338, 96340, 96341, 
    96342, 96343, 96344, 96345, 96346, 
    96347, 96348, 96602, 96603, 96606, 
    96608, 96610, 96612, 96613, 96616, 
    96617, 96618, 96619, 96625
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.01507

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "72.29"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 80,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 80,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "8.29",
              "eval_cost": "8.00",
              "prefix_cost": "16.29",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (96239,96240,96241,96242,96243,96244,96334,96336,96338,96340,96341,96342,96343,96344,96345,96346,96347,96348,96602,96603,96606,96608,96610,96612,96613,96616,96617,96618,96619,96625))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 80,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "20.00",
              "eval_cost": "8.00",
              "prefix_cost": "44.29",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 4,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "20.00",
              "eval_cost": "0.40",
              "prefix_cost": "72.29",
              "data_read_per_join": "10K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids position
96239 7337,7217M
96240 7217M,7337
96241 7337,7217M
96242 7217M,7337
96243 7217M,7337
96244 7337,7217M
96334 7217M,7337
96336 7337,7217M
96338 7337,7217M
96340 7337,7217M
96341 7338,7313,7219M
96342 7219M,7313,7338
96343 7338,7313,7219M
96344 7313,7338,7219M
96345 7338,7313,7219M
96346 7338,7219M,7313
96347 7313,7219M,7338
96348 7313,7338,7219M
96602 7338,7219M,7313
96603 7219M,7338,7313
96606 7338,7313,7219M
96608 7219M,7338,7313
96610 7219M,7338,7313
96612 7313,7338,7219M
96613 7313,7338,7219M
96616 7313,7338,7219M
96617 7219M,7338,7313
96618 7219M,7338,7313
96619 7313,7338,7219M
96625 7219M,7313,7338