SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7210 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    84706, 88082, 91053, 87616, 87624, 90815, 
    88941, 89102, 89108, 89110, 89115, 
    87958, 88068, 88675, 88722, 87951, 
    88067, 88512, 88548, 88590, 88591, 
    88592, 90834, 88447, 88464, 88480, 
    88691, 88738, 87548, 88077
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00128

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "50.23"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 88,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 88,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "9.09",
              "eval_cost": "8.80",
              "prefix_cost": "17.89",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (84706,88082,91053,87616,87624,90815,88941,89102,89108,89110,89115,87958,88068,88675,88722,87951,88067,88512,88548,88590,88591,88592,90834,88447,88464,88480,88691,88738,87548,88077))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 4,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "22.00",
              "eval_cost": "0.44",
              "prefix_cost": "48.69",
              "data_read_per_join": "11K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 4,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "1.10",
              "eval_cost": "0.44",
              "prefix_cost": "50.23",
              "data_read_per_join": "70"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids position
84706 7241,7309,7346,7208M
87548 7210,7211,7214M 0
87616 7210,7211,7212M 0
87624 7210,7211,7212M 0
87951 7258M
87958 7345,7347,7259M
88067 7320,7260M
88068 7320,7260M
88077 7258M
88082 7345,7347,7259M
88447 7210,7211,7214M 0
88464 7210,7211,7214M 0
88480 7210,7211,7214M 0
88512 7241,7309,7346,7208M
88548 7210,7211,7282M 0
88590 7210,7211,7282M 0
88591 7210,7211,7282M 0
88592 7210,7211,7282M 0
88675 7210,7211,7214M 0
88691 7210,7211,7214M 0
88722 7210,7211,7214M 0
88738 7210,7211,7214M 0
88941 7241,7309,7346,7208M
89102 7210,7211,7212M 0
89108 7210,7211,7214M 0
89110 7210,7211,7212M 0
89115 7210,7211,7214M 0
90815 7210,7211,7212M 0
90834 7210,7211,7214M 0
91053 7241,7309,7346,7208M