SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7210 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    100671, 100672, 100673, 100674, 100675, 
    100676, 101011, 101012, 101013, 101014, 
    101015, 101016, 101017, 101018, 101019, 
    101020, 101021, 101625, 101637, 101638, 
    101669, 101670, 101672, 101673, 101674, 
    101675, 101676, 101677, 101682, 101683
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00068

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "46.82"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 82,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 82,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "8.49",
              "eval_cost": "8.20",
              "prefix_cost": "16.69",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (100671,100672,100673,100674,100675,100676,101011,101012,101013,101014,101015,101016,101017,101018,101019,101020,101021,101625,101637,101638,101669,101670,101672,101673,101674,101675,101676,101677,101682,101683))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 4,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "20.50",
              "eval_cost": "0.41",
              "prefix_cost": "45.39",
              "data_read_per_join": "10K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 4,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "1.03",
              "eval_cost": "0.41",
              "prefix_cost": "46.82",
              "data_read_per_join": "65"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids position
100671 7345,7347,7259M
100672 7345,7347,7259M
100673 7345,7347,7259M
100674 7349,7261M
100675 7349,7261M
100676 7258M
101011 7265,7247M
101012 7265,7247M
101013 7265,7247M
101014 7265,7247M
101015 7265,7247M
101016 7265,7247M
101017 7265,7247M
101018 7265,7247M
101019 7265,7247M
101020 7265,7247M
101021 7265,7247M
101625 7265,7247M
101637 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101638 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101669 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101670 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101672 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101673 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101674 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101675 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101676 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101677 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101682 7349,7261M
101683 7349,7261M