SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7210 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    101772, 101773, 101774, 101775, 101776, 
    101777, 101778, 101779, 101780, 101781, 
    101782, 101783, 101784, 101785, 101786, 
    101787, 101788, 101789, 101790, 101791, 
    101792, 101793, 101952, 101953, 101954, 
    101955
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00140

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "59.32"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 104,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 104,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "10.70",
              "eval_cost": "10.40",
              "prefix_cost": "21.10",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (101772,101773,101774,101775,101776,101777,101778,101779,101780,101781,101782,101783,101784,101785,101786,101787,101788,101789,101790,101791,101792,101793,101952,101953,101954,101955))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 5,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "26.00",
              "eval_cost": "0.52",
              "prefix_cost": "57.50",
              "data_read_per_join": "13K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 5,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "1.30",
              "eval_cost": "0.52",
              "prefix_cost": "59.32",
              "data_read_per_join": "83"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids position
101772 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101773 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101774 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101775 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101776 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101777 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101778 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101779 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101780 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101781 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101782 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101783 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101784 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101785 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101786 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101787 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101788 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101789 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101790 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101791 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101792 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101793 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101952 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101953 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101954 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101955 7241,7309,7346,7208M