SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7210 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    101720, 101721, 101722, 101723, 101724, 
    101725, 101726, 101727, 101728, 101729, 
    101730, 101731, 101732, 101733, 101734, 
    101735, 101736, 101737, 101738, 101739, 
    101744, 101745, 101764, 101765, 101766, 
    101767, 101768, 101769, 101770, 101771
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00161

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "68.40"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 120,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 120,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "12.30",
              "eval_cost": "12.00",
              "prefix_cost": "24.30",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (101720,101721,101722,101723,101724,101725,101726,101727,101728,101729,101730,101731,101732,101733,101734,101735,101736,101737,101738,101739,101744,101745,101764,101765,101766,101767,101768,101769,101770,101771))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 6,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "30.00",
              "eval_cost": "0.60",
              "prefix_cost": "66.30",
              "data_read_per_join": "15K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 6,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "1.50",
              "eval_cost": "0.60",
              "prefix_cost": "68.40",
              "data_read_per_join": "96"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids position
101720 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101721 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101722 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101723 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101724 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101725 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101726 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101727 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101728 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101729 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101730 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101731 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101732 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101733 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101734 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101735 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101736 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101737 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101738 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101739 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101744 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101745 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101764 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101765 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101766 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101767 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101768 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101769 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101770 7241,7309,7346,7208M
101771 7241,7309,7346,7208M