SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7195 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    99039, 99040, 99041, 99042, 99043, 99044, 
    99045, 99046, 99047, 99048, 99049, 
    99050, 99051, 99052, 99053, 99054, 
    99055, 99189, 99190, 99191, 99239, 
    99282, 99283, 99284, 99285, 99286, 
    99287, 99288, 99289, 99290
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00130

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "35.37"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 39,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 39,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "4.17",
              "eval_cost": "3.90",
              "prefix_cost": "8.07",
              "data_read_per_join": "624"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (99039,99040,99041,99042,99043,99044,99045,99046,99047,99048,99049,99050,99051,99052,99053,99054,99055,99189,99190,99191,99239,99282,99283,99284,99285,99286,99287,99288,99289,99290))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 39,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "9.75",
              "eval_cost": "3.90",
              "prefix_cost": "21.72",
              "data_read_per_join": "624"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 1,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "9.75",
              "eval_cost": "0.20",
              "prefix_cost": "35.37",
              "data_read_per_join": "5K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids position
99039 7331,7253M
99040 7331,7253M
99041 7331,7253M
99042 7331,7253M
99043 7331,7253M
99044 7331,7253M
99045 7331,7253M
99046 7331,7253M
99047 7331,7253M
99048 7252M
99049 7252M
99050 7254M
99051 7254M
99052 7254M
99053 7254M
99054 7222M
99055 7222M
99189 7222M
99190 7222M
99191 7222M
99239 7222M
99282 7254M
99283 7254M
99284 7254M
99285 7254M
99286 7254M
99287 7254M
99288 7254M
99289 7254M
99290 7254M