SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7184 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    96320, 96321, 96322, 96323, 96324, 96325, 
    96326, 96327, 96328, 96329, 96330, 
    96331, 96332, 96333, 96334, 96335, 
    96336, 96337, 96338, 96339, 96340, 
    96341, 96342, 96343, 96344, 96345, 
    96346, 96347, 96348, 96601
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00061

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "30.36"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 53,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 53,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "5.58",
              "eval_cost": "5.30",
              "prefix_cost": "10.88",
              "data_read_per_join": "848"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (96320,96321,96322,96323,96324,96325,96326,96327,96328,96329,96330,96331,96332,96333,96334,96335,96336,96337,96338,96339,96340,96341,96342,96343,96344,96345,96346,96347,96348,96601))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 2,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "13.25",
              "eval_cost": "0.27",
              "prefix_cost": "29.43",
              "data_read_per_join": "6K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 2,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "0.66",
              "eval_cost": "0.27",
              "prefix_cost": "30.36",
              "data_read_per_join": "42"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids position
96320 7186M
96321 7185M
96322 7186M
96323 7185M
96324 7186M
96325 7185M
96326 7186M
96327 7185M
96328 7186M
96329 7185M
96330 7186M
96331 7185M
96332 7186M
96333 7185M
96334 7337,7217M
96335 7186M
96336 7337,7217M
96337 7185M
96338 7337,7217M
96339 7186M
96340 7337,7217M
96341 7313,7338,7219M
96342 7313,7338,7219M
96343 7313,7338,7219M
96344 7313,7338,7219M
96345 7313,7338,7219M
96346 7313,7338,7219M
96347 7313,7338,7219M
96348 7313,7338,7219M
96601 7341,7342,7343,7157M