SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7195 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    88251, 88306, 88312, 85640, 88311, 92892, 
    93787, 93788, 93798, 93799, 93800, 
    93801, 93802, 93803, 93804, 93805, 
    93806, 93807, 93808, 93809, 93810, 
    93811, 93812, 93813, 93814, 93815, 
    93816, 93817, 93818, 93832
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00154

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "28.17"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 31,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 31,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "3.37",
              "eval_cost": "3.10",
              "prefix_cost": "6.47",
              "data_read_per_join": "496"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (88251,88306,88312,85640,88311,92892,93787,93788,93798,93799,93800,93801,93802,93803,93804,93805,93806,93807,93808,93809,93810,93811,93812,93813,93814,93815,93816,93817,93818,93832))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 31,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "7.75",
              "eval_cost": "3.10",
              "prefix_cost": "17.32",
              "data_read_per_join": "496"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 1,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "7.75",
              "eval_cost": "0.16",
              "prefix_cost": "28.17",
              "data_read_per_join": "4K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids position
85640 7222M
88251 7222M
88306 7222M
88311 7222M
88312 7222M
92892 7254M
93787 7331,7253M
93788 7252M
93798 7254M
93799 7254M
93800 7254M
93801 7254M
93802 7254M
93803 7254M
93804 7254M
93805 7254M
93806 7254M
93807 7254M
93808 7254M
93809 7254M
93810 7254M
93811 7254M
93812 7254M
93813 7254M
93814 7254M
93815 7254M
93816 7254M
93817 7254M
93818 7254M
93832 7222M