SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7195 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    90712, 90718, 90586, 90587, 90730, 90731, 
    90616, 90617, 90622, 90623, 90724, 
    90726, 90716, 90722, 90592, 90593, 
    92534, 89243, 89244, 89253, 89254, 
    90588, 90590, 90657, 90642, 92533, 
    90664, 90665, 90670, 90671
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00137

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "47.08"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 52,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 52,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "5.48",
              "eval_cost": "5.20",
              "prefix_cost": "10.68",
              "data_read_per_join": "832"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (90712,90718,90586,90587,90730,90731,90616,90617,90622,90623,90724,90726,90716,90722,90592,90593,92534,89243,89244,89253,89254,90588,90590,90657,90642,92533,90664,90665,90670,90671))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 52,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "13.00",
              "eval_cost": "5.20",
              "prefix_cost": "28.88",
              "data_read_per_join": "832"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 2,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "13.00",
              "eval_cost": "0.26",
              "prefix_cost": "47.08",
              "data_read_per_join": "6K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids position
89243 7330,7285M
89244 7330,7285M
89253 7330,7285M
89254 7330,7285M
90586 7286M
90587 7286M
90588 7287M
90590 7287M
90592 7287M
90593 7287M
90616 7331,7253M
90617 7331,7253M
90622 7331,7253M
90623 7331,7253M
90642 7331,7253M
90657 7331,7253M
90664 7331,7253M
90665 7331,7253M
90670 7331,7253M
90671 7331,7253M
90712 7330,7285M
90716 7330,7285M
90718 7330,7285M
90722 7330,7285M
90724 7330,7285M
90726 7330,7285M
90730 7330,7285M
90731 7330,7285M
92533 7254M
92534 7254M