SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7184 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    91295, 83110, 83120, 89008, 91869, 91871, 
    91872, 91873, 91874, 91875, 85038, 
    90063, 91377, 92458, 92459, 92460, 
    92461, 92462, 92463, 92464, 91380, 
    92489, 92490, 92491, 92492, 92493, 
    92494, 92495, 86892, 90065
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00164

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "55.34"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 97,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 97,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "10.00",
              "eval_cost": "9.70",
              "prefix_cost": "19.70",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (91295,83110,83120,89008,91869,91871,91872,91873,91874,91875,85038,90063,91377,92458,92459,92460,92461,92462,92463,92464,91380,92489,92490,92491,92492,92493,92494,92495,86892,90065))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 4,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "24.25",
              "eval_cost": "0.49",
              "prefix_cost": "53.65",
              "data_read_per_join": "12K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 4,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "1.21",
              "eval_cost": "0.49",
              "prefix_cost": "55.34",
              "data_read_per_join": "77"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids position
83110 7184,7187M 0
83120 7184,7187M 0
85038 7341,7342,7343,7157M
86892 7341,7342,7343,7157M
89008 7184,7187M 0
90063 7184,7187M 0
90065 7184,7187M 0
91295 7187,7184M 0
91377 7337,7217M
91380 7337,7217M
91869 7341,7342,7343,7157M
91871 7341,7342,7343,7157M
91872 7341,7342,7343,7157M
91873 7341,7342,7343,7157M
91874 7341,7342,7343,7157M
91875 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92458 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92459 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92460 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92461 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92462 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92463 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92464 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92489 7313,7338,7219M
92490 7313,7338,7219M
92491 7313,7338,7219M
92492 7313,7338,7219M
92493 7313,7338,7219M
92494 7313,7338,7219M
92495 7313,7338,7219M