SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7184 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    92190, 92441, 85652, 85656, 91390, 85582, 
    92488, 91388, 92476, 92477, 92478, 
    92479, 92480, 92481, 92482, 86386, 
    86891, 90068, 92002, 92090, 91868, 
    89601, 92227, 92210, 83090, 84097, 
    85554, 85577, 85570, 89529
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00158

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "47.39"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 83,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 83,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "8.59",
              "eval_cost": "8.30",
              "prefix_cost": "16.89",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (92190,92441,85652,85656,91390,85582,92488,91388,92476,92477,92478,92479,92480,92481,92482,86386,86891,90068,92002,92090,91868,89601,92227,92210,83090,84097,85554,85577,85570,89529))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 4,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "20.75",
              "eval_cost": "0.42",
              "prefix_cost": "45.94",
              "data_read_per_join": "10K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 4,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "1.04",
              "eval_cost": "0.42",
              "prefix_cost": "47.39",
              "data_read_per_join": "66"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids position
83090 7186M
84097 7186M
85554 7313,7338,7219M
85570 7313,7338,7219M
85577 7341,7342,7343,7157M
85582 7341,7342,7343,7157M
85652 7184,7187M 0
85656 7184,7187M 0
86386 7184,7187M 0
86891 7341,7342,7343,7157M
89529 7184,7221M 0
89601 7184,7221M 0
90068 7186M
91388 7337,7217M
91390 7337,7217M
91868 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92002 7187,7184M 0
92090 7187,7184M 0
92190 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92210 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92227 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92441 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92476 7313,7338,7219M
92477 7313,7338,7219M
92478 7313,7338,7219M
92479 7313,7338,7219M
92480 7313,7338,7219M
92481 7313,7338,7219M
92482 7313,7338,7219M
92488 7313,7338,7219M