SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7184 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    91349, 91352, 91354, 90076, 92211, 92216, 
    92218, 92219, 92220, 92221, 92222, 
    92224, 92225, 92226, 92467, 86383, 
    89739, 91378, 92232, 92233, 92234, 
    92235, 92236, 92238, 92468, 92472, 
    92473, 92474, 91347, 89725
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00158

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "57.61"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 101,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 101,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "10.40",
              "eval_cost": "10.10",
              "prefix_cost": "20.50",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (91349,91352,91354,90076,92211,92216,92218,92219,92220,92221,92222,92224,92225,92226,92467,86383,89739,91378,92232,92233,92234,92235,92236,92238,92468,92472,92473,92474,91347,89725))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 5,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "25.25",
              "eval_cost": "0.51",
              "prefix_cost": "55.85",
              "data_read_per_join": "13K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 5,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "1.26",
              "eval_cost": "0.51",
              "prefix_cost": "57.61",
              "data_read_per_join": "80"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids position
86383 7188M
89725 7184,7187M 0
89739 7184,7187M 0
90076 7184,7187M 0
91347 7337,7217M
91349 7337,7217M
91352 7337,7217M
91354 7337,7217M
91378 7337,7217M
92211 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92216 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92218 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92219 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92220 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92221 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92222 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92224 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92225 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92226 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92232 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92233 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92234 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92235 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92236 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92238 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92467 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92468 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92472 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92473 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92474 7341,7342,7343,7157M