SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7237 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    90813, 90814, 89717, 89718, 90812, 89716, 
    90810, 90811, 89714, 89715, 88295, 
    89695, 88289, 88294, 88113, 88125, 
    88137, 89689, 89694, 88111, 88112, 
    88123, 88124, 88135, 88136, 88110, 
    88122, 88134, 88287, 88288, 88290, 
    88291, 88292, 88293, 88386, 88387, 
    89687, 89688, 89690, 89691, 89692, 
    89693, 88285, 88286, 88385, 88283, 
    88284, 89685, 89686, 88383, 88384, 
    89683, 89684, 88363, 88109, 88121, 
    88133, 88280, 88281, 88282, 88357, 
    89680, 89681, 89682, 88362, 88108, 
    88120, 88132, 88276, 88277, 88278, 
    88279, 89676, 89677, 89678, 89679, 
    88355, 88356, 88358, 88359, 88360, 
    88361, 89696, 89675, 88107, 88119, 
    88131, 88275, 88304, 88305, 88353, 
    88354, 88271, 89674, 88351, 88352
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.01813

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "135.29"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_temporary_table": true,
      "using_filesort": true,
      "cost_info": {
        "sort_cost": "10.03"
      },
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "ALL",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 208,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 8,
            "filtered": "4.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "20.72",
              "eval_cost": "0.83",
              "prefix_cost": "21.55",
              "data_read_per_join": "21K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 117,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 10,
            "filtered": "1.02",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "2.33",
              "eval_cost": "1.00",
              "prefix_cost": "121.75",
              "data_read_per_join": "160"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (90813,90814,89717,89718,90812,89716,90810,90811,89714,89715,88295,89695,88289,88294,88113,88125,88137,89689,89694,88111,88112,88123,88124,88135,88136,88110,88122,88134,88287,88288,88290,88291,88292,88293,88386,88387,89687,89688,89690,89691,89692,89693,88285,88286,88385,88283,88284,89685,89686,88383,88384,89683,89684,88363,88109,88121,88133,88280,88281,88282,88357,89680,89681,89682,88362,88108,88120,88132,88276,88277,88278,88279,89676,89677,89678,89679,88355,88356,88358,88359,88360,88361,89696,89675,88107,88119,88131,88275,88304,88305,88353,88354,88271,89674,88351,88352))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 10,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "2.51",
              "eval_cost": "1.00",
              "prefix_cost": "125.26",
              "data_read_per_join": "160"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}