SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7183 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    82561, 90268, 90264, 90266, 90273, 91311, 
    91313, 91315, 90267, 90274, 85649, 
    85650, 85651, 91312, 91314, 91316, 
    90263, 90270, 90269, 90275, 90265, 
    93356, 93357, 93358, 94117, 94958, 
    95683, 95702, 95703, 96841, 96918, 
    96919, 96998, 98538, 98539, 98540, 
    98541, 98542, 98543, 98544, 98545, 
    98546, 98547, 98548, 98549, 100971, 
    100972, 100973, 100974, 100975, 100976, 
    100977, 100978, 100982, 100983, 100984, 
    100988, 101102, 101103, 101104, 101628, 
    101629, 101630, 101631, 101632, 101633, 
    101678, 101679, 101680, 101681, 101740, 
    101741, 101742, 101743, 101854, 101855, 
    101856, 101857, 101858, 101859, 101860, 
    101861, 101862, 101863, 101864, 101865, 
    101866, 101867, 101868, 101869, 101870, 
    101871, 101928, 101929, 101930, 101931
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.01819

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "136.87"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_temporary_table": true,
      "using_filesort": true,
      "cost_info": {
        "sort_cost": "11.20"
      },
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "ALL",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 208,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 8,
            "filtered": "4.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "20.72",
              "eval_cost": "0.83",
              "prefix_cost": "21.55",
              "data_read_per_join": "21K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 117,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 11,
            "filtered": "1.14",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "2.33",
              "eval_cost": "1.12",
              "prefix_cost": "121.75",
              "data_read_per_join": "179"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (82561,90268,90264,90266,90273,91311,91313,91315,90267,90274,85649,85650,85651,91312,91314,91316,90263,90270,90269,90275,90265,93356,93357,93358,94117,94958,95683,95702,95703,96841,96918,96919,96998,98538,98539,98540,98541,98542,98543,98544,98545,98546,98547,98548,98549,100971,100972,100973,100974,100975,100976,100977,100978,100982,100983,100984,100988,101102,101103,101104,101628,101629,101630,101631,101632,101633,101678,101679,101680,101681,101740,101741,101742,101743,101854,101855,101856,101857,101858,101859,101860,101861,101862,101863,101864,101865,101866,101867,101868,101869,101870,101871,101928,101929,101930,101931))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 11,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "2.80",
              "eval_cost": "1.12",
              "prefix_cost": "125.67",
              "data_read_per_join": "179"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}